DSP数字信号处理技术及在医学中的应用

s59049523

<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">过去对模拟信号用模拟方法予以处理时，因信号处理和信息抽取是一个整体，所以对“信号处理”技术并没有太深刻的认识。是香农<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Shannon)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">采样定理架起了从模拟信号处理通向以计算机为擅长的数字信号处理的桥梁，并由此衍生出支撑现代社会的、丰富多彩的信息技术。<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">从物理角度看，与在模拟时代信号处理受到很大限制不同，当用计算机进行数字处理时，经常会遇到不受物理条件制约的数字加工，即算法<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Algorithm)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，也就是数字信号处理<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Digital Signal Processing<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DSP)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的领域。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">一<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""> <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">数字信号处理技术的发展<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DSP<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的历史可以追溯到<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">1936<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""&gtCM(Pulse Code Modulation)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">技术的发明和<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Dudley<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">发明声音编码器<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Voice Coder)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">时期。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">1942<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年，当因数学难度而闻名的<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Wiener<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">预测理论用于天气预报时，人们就感到必须将连续时间函数改进为离散时间函数。从理论上，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Levinson<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">虽然给出了由连续时间域向离散时间域转换的可能性，但因当时计算机技术尚不完善，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Levinson<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的算法未能得到实际的应用。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">20<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">世纪<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">50<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年代，计算机技术开始普及。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">60<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年代，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Z<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">变换成为描述线性离散时间系统的基本工具，并指导了数字滤波器的设计。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">20<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">世纪<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">70<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年代，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">VLSP<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">芯片两大成功的范例才使得数字信号处理引起了社会的广泛关注<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">: <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">第一是以<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Levinson<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">算法为中心的声音的线性预测编码<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Linear Predictive Coding<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">LPC)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">1978<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年美国德州仪器公司<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(TI)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">将该算法作为滤波器开发出<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">LSI<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">芯片<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">; <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">第二是贝尔实验室开发的，用于在长途电话中消除回声现象的回声消除器<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Echo Canceller)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">。回声消除器的核心是一种应用<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">LSM<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">算法后的自适应滤波器，该滤波器解决了长话系统中，虽然信号统计量是未知的，但可由数据推出最佳滤波系数。今天，自适应滤波器还用作通信线路均衡器，电视图像重影<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Ghost)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的消除器，以及抑制有源噪声等方面。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DSP<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的另一大支柱理论是快速傅里叶变换<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Fast Fourier Transform<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">FFT)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">。最初由<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Cooley<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">和<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Tukey<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">发表，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">FFT<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">实际上可以追溯到<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Gauss<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">时代，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Cooley<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">和<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">Tukey<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">也表示，在<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">1942<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">年他们也发现过，但在手摇计算时代，计算量为数十万数量级是一件不可想象的事情。也正是由于计算机技术的应用，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">FFT<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">不但没被作为一个纯数学上的发现而埋没，反而在<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">MIT<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">林肯实验室中更成熟，并最终广泛被应用在信号流程图解释、<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">bit<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">位变换分析、定位计算和<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">NlegN<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">的计算量研究上。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">二<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""> <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">数字信号处理技术的内容框架<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">可以认为，信号处理是关于信号观察、测量和变换信号的技术。信号处理的基本组态是通过时间、空间或者频率在不同坐标轴上进行变换，以便更容易地掌握其特征与性质。然而，实际上大部分信号都是不确定的，需要采用概率与数理统计的方法予以处理<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">; <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">大部分物理事件的发生过程都是动态的，而不是静态或恒定不变的，而且，在其生成阶段也大多是非线性的变换。图<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">2<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">给出了数字信号处理技术的内容框架，它说明<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">:<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(1)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">最基本的拉普拉斯变换和傅里叶变换在数学、控制论或自动控制等其他领域也会涉及到<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">;<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(2)Z<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">变换，把时间连续信号经过取样变换为离散的时间信号的操作，是<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DSP<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">处理的第一步<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">;<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(3)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">由离散傅里叶变换<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(Discrete Fourier Transform<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DFT)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">可以推导出<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">FFT<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">算法，同时<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">FFT<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">也是<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">DSP<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">中使用最频繁的算法<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">;<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(4)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">由实验取得的信号数据在多数情况下是伴随概率变化的，且以随机变化更为常见，通过建立信号模型则较易把握对象的特征，同时可进一步通过研究模型来描述对象<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">;<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(5)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">对于时变信号的处理方式，目前主要是依靠柯根和小波变换来进行<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">后者进一步衍化出了子带滤波<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">——而这些又是通过滤波器来实现的<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">;<p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(6)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">医学图像信号处理，一方面属于多维信号处理的范畴<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">图像重建<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">，另一方面又离不开信号判别<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">(<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">图像后处理<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">)<span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">三<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""> <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">数字信号处理技术的应用<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">数字信号处理技术的应用范围是很广泛的。<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 0cm;="" margin-left:="" 18pt;="" text-indent:="" -18pt;="" line-height:="" margin-right:="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-list:="" l0="" level1="" lfo1;="" tab-stops:="" list="" 18.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">1.<span 7pt="" \'times="" new="" roman\'\"=""> <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">数字音频处理<span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"=""><p class="MsoPlainText" 24pt;="" line-height:="" 18pt;="" mso-line-height-rule:="" exactly;="" mso-char-indent-count:="" 2.0;="" mso-char-indent-size:="" 12.0pt\"="" style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span lang="EN-US" 12pt;="" font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" \'courier="" new\'\"="">2. <span 12pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:="" 10.5pt;="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" \'times="" new="" roman\';="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" roman\'\"="">医学图像处理